Stat Glossary

How often the pitcher throws this pitch, out of every pitch he throws. 30% means roughly 3 of every 10 pitches.

Average speed of the pitch in miles per hour, measured as it leaves his hand.

How many inches the pitch drops less than gravity alone would take it. A bigger number makes a fastball look like it "rises" and hitters swing under it.

How many inches the pitch moves sideways on its way to the plate. More movement makes it harder to square up.

How often hitters swing at this pitch and miss it completely. Higher is better for the pitcher. 30% means 3 of every 10 swings come up empty.

A single grade for how nasty the pitch is (speed and movement combined). 100 is exactly average, so 115 is well above average and 85 is below.

Earned run average. How many runs the pitcher gives up per 9 innings, which is a full game. Lower is better; around 4.00 is average.

Walks and hits allowed per inning. It measures how many runners he lets on base. Lower is better; around 1.30 is average.

How often the pitcher strikes out the batters he faces. Higher is better for the pitcher.

Hits divided by at-bats. .300 means he gets a hit in about 3 of every 10 at-bats, which is very good.

How hard and at what angle the ball was hit, turned into how much damage that contact usually causes, regardless of whether a fielder happened to catch it. Higher is better for the hitter.

How often he hits the ball at least 95 miles per hour. Hard contact falls for hits far more often.

How many of this pitch the hitter has seen in this span. A bigger number means the rest of the row is more trustworthy.

Home runs hit against this pitch in this span.

How often he hits a "barrel" - the sweet-spot mix of exit speed and launch angle that turns into a hit or a homer most of the time. Higher is better for the hitter.

Average speed of the bat head at contact, in miles per hour. Faster bats do more damage; around 72 mph is average.

How often he swings at pitches outside the strike zone. LOWER is better - chasing bad pitches is how hitters make weak outs.

How often he swings, counting every pitch he sees. Neither high nor low is better on its own - it just says whether he is an aggressive hitter or a patient one.

How often he swings and misses once he has two strikes - the pitches where a miss means a strikeout. Lower is better.

How often his batted balls are fly balls. Fly balls are where home runs come from, so for a power hitter higher can be better.

How hard and at what angle he hits the ball WHEN he makes contact, turned into how much damage that usually causes - ignoring whether a fielder caught it. Higher is better for the hitter.

His batting average against this exact pitch - hits divided by the at-bats decided on it (balls in play plus strikeouts on it). It counts the strikeouts, so a pitch he whiffs on reads low even if he hits it hard when he connects.

How many of this pitch he has seen across the window. A bigger number means the rest of the row is more trustworthy.

A 0-10 grade for how rested and effective the bullpen is today. Higher is better - a high number means fresh, reliable arms.

This bullpen's earned run average ranked against all 30 teams. #1 is the best (fewest runs allowed).

This bullpen's WHIP (runners allowed per inning) ranked against all 30 teams. #1 is the best.

Relievers who are rested and ready - light recent workload, so they should be available and sharp today.

Relievers who've pitched enough lately that they may be less sharp or unavailable today.

Relievers with a heavy recent workload - likely unavailable, or a risk if they do pitch.

How many games this reliever has pitched in the last 7 days. More appearances means more fatigue.

How many pitches this reliever has thrown in the last 7 days, from real pitch counts. The raw workload behind his fatigue score.

How rested this reliever is: FRESH (ready), TIRED (may be limited), or OVERUSED (likely unavailable).

Which time through the batting order: the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd-plus time he faces the lineup. Pitchers usually get hit harder each time through.

How many hitters he has faced in this split. A bigger number makes the rate next to it more trustworthy.

Batting average in this box: hits divided by the at-bats that ended on a pitch here. Same math as a box score, so about .250 is average.

Hits divided by the balls he put in play from this box. It only counts the times he made contact, so it reads much higher than a box-score average - about .330 is typical.

On-base percentage in this box: how often a trip to the plate that ended here got him on base by any route, walks and hit-by-pitches included. Higher is better; about .320 is average.

Slugging in this box: total bases divided by at-bats, so a double counts twice a single. It measures how much damage he does, not just how often he hits it. About .400 is average.

Isolated power: slugging minus batting average, which takes the singles out and leaves only the extra-base damage. Higher means more power; about .140 is average.

His hits and his at-bats in this box - the two raw numbers the batting average above is built from.

His hits and the balls he put in play from this box - the two raw numbers the average above is built from. Strikeouts are not in the bottom number.

Home runs he has hit on pitches in this box.

Doubles, triples and home runs on pitches in this box. Singles are not counted, so this is the damage half of his hits.

Runs that crossed the plate on trips that ended with a pitch in this box, his own included. It depends on runners already being on base, so it says less about how well he hit the ball than the other numbers here. It is not RBI - a run that scores on an error still counts.

Strikeouts on pitches in this box, and the share of his trips to the plate here that ended that way. Lower is better for the hitter.

Walks he drew on trips that ended in this box, and the share of those trips that is. Higher is better for the hitter.

How often the balls he put in play from this box came off the bat at 95 miles per hour or more. Hard contact falls for hits far more often, so higher is better for the hitter.

How often he swings at a pitch in this box and misses it completely. Lower is better for the hitter - this is the box a pitcher wants to attack.

How hard and at what angle he hits pitches from this box when he does connect, turned into how much damage that contact usually causes - ignoring whether a fielder happened to catch it. Higher is better for the hitter.

How many completed trips to the plate ended on a pitch in this box. A bigger number makes every rate on this card more trustworthy.

How many pitches he has seen in this box. This is the sample behind the whole card - a small number means treat everything here as noisy.

How many of those pitches he swung at, whether he hit them or missed.

How many times the quarterback threw the ball to him, whether he caught it or not. It shows how often the offense is looking his way.

How many passes he actually caught.

Total yards he gained on the passes he caught.

Touchdowns he scored by catching the ball.

How many times he ran the ball himself. It measures workload, not how well it went.

Total yards he gained running the ball.

Touchdowns he scored by running the ball in.

His rushing and receiving yards added together - every yard he gained with the ball in his hands, often called yards from scrimmage. It is the honest measure of a running back who is used both ways, and books price it as its own market.

Total yards gained on the passes he completed.

Touchdowns he threw to a teammate.

Passes he threw that the other team caught. Lower is better - each one hands the ball over.

How many passes he threw, completed or not.

How many of his passes a teammate actually caught.

How many times he brought a ball carrier down, on his own or with help.

Tackles he made by himself, with no teammate helping.

Tackles made behind the line, so the play lost yards. Higher is better for the defense.

Times he tackled the quarterback before he could throw. Half a sack means he shared it with a teammate.

Passes he caught that the other team meant for their own player. Higher is better for the defense.

Passes he knocked away so nobody caught them.

Times he hit the quarterback as or just after he threw, without it counting as a sack.

Kicks through the uprights that scored 3 points.

How many field goals he tried, made or missed.

The distance in yards of the longest kick he made in that game.

The 1-point kicks after a touchdown that he made.

All the points he kicked in that game: 3 for every field goal, 1 for every extra point.

How many times he kicked the ball away to the other team on fourth down.

Total distance of all his punts added together.

Punts that pinned the other team inside their own 20-yard line. Higher is better.

The distance in yards of his longest punt in that game.

How many games he appeared in during the season.

Average yards gained each time he ran the ball. It separates a back grinding out short gains from one breaking long runs - the same total yards can come either way.

Average yards gained on each pass he caught. A high number means he is used deep; a low one means short, high-volume work.

Share of his field goal tries that went through the uprights.

Share of the shots he faced that he stopped. Computed from the season totals, not averaged across games, so a short relief appearance does not count the same as a full start.

His single longest run of the season. It answers whether the yardage was steady or one breakaway.

His single longest catch of the season. It answers whether the yardage was steady or one long play.

How many at-bats he has taken this season. It is the sample size behind the rates next to it, so a bigger number makes them more trustworthy.

Hits divided by at-bats this season. .300 means a hit in about 3 of every 10 at-bats, which is very good; about .245 is average.

Total bases divided by at-bats this season, so extra-base hits count for more than singles. It measures power rather than how often he gets a hit. Higher is better; about .400 is average.

Home runs he has hit this season.

Runs that scored because of his at-bats this season. It depends on teammates being on base, so it says as much about his lineup spot as about him.

Stolen bases this season, then times caught, then the share he made it. 12-3 84% means 12 steals, caught 3 times, safe 84% of the time. It only shows once he has tried.

His batting average against left-handed pitchers this season, with the at-bats behind it. Coloured against what the LEAGUE hits off lefties: green is well above it, red well below. Under 40 at-bats it stays plain, because that is too few to call.

His batting average against right-handed pitchers this season, with the at-bats behind it. Coloured against what the LEAGUE hits off righties: green is well above it, red well below. Under 40 at-bats it stays plain, because that is too few to call.

How he has hit THIS pitcher over his career, and how that compares to his OWN season average: green means he has hit him better than he hits everyone, red worse. Under 10 plate appearances it stays plain, because a 2-for-5 says nothing. The line under it is the rest of that history: home runs, RBI, walks and strikeouts against him, then his on-base, slugging and OPS. Those are only shown when the official per-plate-appearance record resolved the pair.

What a typical major-league player does, shown so you can tell whether this number is good or bad.

Real data behind every prop. 30 analytical tools across eight leagues, refreshed every morning by 5AM ET - with live odds and in-game tools updating all day.

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